Practice Exercise: How Organisms Reproduce

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The process by which an organism produces its offspring is called:
   • A) Respiration
   • B) Reproduction
   • C) Nutrition
   • D) Excretion
2. Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction?
   • A) Fragmentation
   • B) Pollination
   • C) Fertilization
   • D) Copulation
3. In humans, the male reproductive system includes:
   • A) Ovary
   • B) Uterus
   • C) Testis
   • D) Fallopian tube
4. What is the role of the placenta during pregnancy?
   • A) To provide nutrition to the fetus
   • B) To produce the egg cell
   • C) To aid in the process of fertilization
   • D) To help in the release of ovum
5. The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower is known as:
   • A) Germination
   • B) Fertilization
   • C) Pollination
   • D) Regeneration

Fill in the Blanks:

1. The fusion of male and female gametes is called ____________.
2. In plants, the male gamete is contained within the ____________.
3. The reproductive part of a plant is the ____________.
4. The type of reproduction where fusion of gametes does not occur is ____________.
5. The ____________ is a barrier method of contraception in females.

Short Answer Questions:

1. What are the main differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
2. Describe how binary fission in amoeba is an example of asexual reproduction.
3. Explain the process of double fertilization in plants.
4. Why is reproduction essential for species survival?
5. What is vegetative propagation? Give one example of a plant that reproduces this way.

Diagram Based Questions:

1. Draw a labeled diagram of the human male reproductive system.
2. Illustrate the stages of binary fission in an Amoeba.

Application Based Questions:

1. If all plants and animals on Earth could reproduce only asexually, what might be some consequences for biodiversity?
2. How does the menstrual cycle relate to reproduction in human females?
3. Explain how seed dispersal mechanisms contribute to plant reproduction and survival.

True or False:

1. In asexual reproduction, genetic variation is typically low. (True/False)
2. The umbilical cord connects the fetus directly to the mother's heart. (True/False)
3. Pollination can occur only by insects. (True/False)
4. Contraceptives are used to increase fertility in humans. (True/False)
5. Regeneration in Planaria is an example of sexual reproduction. (True/False)

Answers:

Multiple Choice:

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. C

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Fertilization
2. Pollen grain
3. Flower
4. Asexual reproduction
5. Diaphragm

Short Answers:

1. Sexual reproduction involves two parents, genetic variation, and the fusion of gametes, whereas asexual reproduction involves one parent, no genetic variation from fusion, and methods like budding, fragmentation, etc.
2. Binary fission in amoeba is when an amoeba divides into two equal halves, each half developing into a new individual, thus replicating the parent's DNA without the involvement of genetic exchange.
3. Double fertilization in plants involves two sperm cells from the pollen tube; one fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo.
4. Reproduction ensures the continuation of species, introduces genetic variation for adaptation, and allows for population maintenance or growth.
5. Vegetative propagation involves parts of a plant other than the seed, like roots, stems, or leaves, developing into new plants. An example is the potato, where tubers (underground stems) can sprout new plants.

Diagram Answers:

• Students should draw a human male reproductive system including testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, urethra, and penis.
• Binary fission in amoeba should show stages from nucleus division to cytoplasmic division resulting in two amoebae.

Application Based Answers:

1. Asexual reproduction would lead to less genetic diversity, potentially making species more vulnerable to changes in the environment or diseases, and could limit evolutionary adaptability.
2. The menstrual cycle prepares the female body for pregnancy by releasing an egg (ovulation) and preparing the uterus to receive a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, the uterine lining is shed during menstruation.
3. Seed dispersal helps plants to spread to new areas, reducing competition for resources, ensuring survival by colonizing new habitats, and promoting genetic diversity.

True or False:

1. True
2. False (It connects to the placenta)
3. False (It can also occur by wind, water, or other agents)
4. False (They are used to prevent pregnancy)
5. False (It's an example of asexual reproduction)