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Practice Questions for Science Class 10th "Control and Coordination"

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):

  1. The part of the brain responsible for maintaining balance and posture is:
    • A) Cerebrum
    • B) Cerebellum
    • C) Medulla
    • D) Hypothalamus
  2. Which of these is not a part of the central nervous system?
    • A) Brain
    • B) Spinal cord
    • C) Peripheral nerves
    • D) None of the above
  3. The hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels is:
    • A) Insulin
    • B) Adrenaline
    • C) Thyroxine
    • D) Growth hormone
  4. Reflex actions are controlled by:
    • A) Brain only
    • B) Spinal cord only
    • C) Both brain and spinal cord
    • D) Peripheral nervous system
  5. Which plant hormone is responsible for growth in stem length?
    • A) Auxin
    • B) Gibberellin
    • C) Cytokinin
    • D) Abscisic acid
  6. The part of the neuron that receives information is the:
    • A) Axon
    • B) Dendrite
    • C) Cell body
    • D) Myelin sheath
  7. Which of these is not a function of the nervous system?
    • A) Coordination of body movements
    • B) Regulation of body temperature
    • C) Synthesis of enzymes
    • D) Response to stimuli
  8. The gap between two neurons is known as:
    • A) Synapse
    • B) Node of Ranvier
    • C) Axon hillock
    • D) Dendritic spine
  9. The hormone that prepares the body for "fight or flight" is:
    • A) Insulin
    • B) Adrenaline
    • C) Estrogen
    • D) Progesterone
  10. Which plant hormone inhibits growth and promotes dormancy?
    • A) Auxin
    • B) Gibberellin
    • C) Cytokinin
    • D) Abscisic acid
  11. The neurotransmitter most commonly associated with the transmission of nerve impulses is:
    • A) Dopamine
    • B) Acetylcholine
    • C) Serotonin
    • D) GABA
  12. The central nervous system is protected by:
    • A) Skull and vertebral column
    • B) Skin
    • C) Muscles
    • D) Fat deposits
  13. Which part of the brain controls hunger and thirst?
    • A) Cerebellum
    • B) Thalamus
    • C) Hypothalamus
    • D) Pons
  14. The growth of a plant towards light is known as:
    • A) Geotropism
    • B) Phototropism
    • C) Hydrotropism
    • D) Chemotropism
  15. The hormone responsible for the changes during puberty in males is:
    • A) Estrogen
    • B) Progesterone
    • C) Testosterone
    • D) Thyroxine
  16. Which of the following is not a type of neuron?
    • A) Sensory neuron
    • B) Motor neuron
    • C) Relay neuron
    • D) Secretory neuron
  17. The autonomic nervous system controls:
    • A) Voluntary actions
    • B) Involuntary actions
    • C) Reflex actions
    • D) Both voluntary and involuntary actions
  18. The bending of a plant in response to gravity is:
    • A) Phototropism
    • B) Geotropism
    • C) Thigmotropism
    • D) Hydrotropism
  19. The master gland that controls other endocrine glands is:
    • A) Adrenal
    • B) Pituitary
    • C) Thyroid
    • D) Pancreas
  20. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle?
    • A) Insulin
    • B) Adrenaline
    • C) Estrogen
    • D) Growth hormone

 

Short Answer Questions:

  1. Define a reflex arc.
  2. How does the human nervous system differ from the plant nervous system?
  3. What is the role of the medulla oblongata?
  4. Explain the function of the hormone thyroxine.
  5. Describe the process of synaptic transmission.
  6. What is the significance of the myelin sheath?
  7. How do plants respond to touch? Give an example.
  8. What are phytohormones? List any two.
  9. Why is adrenaline called the "emergency hormone"?
  10. How does the pituitary gland control other endocrine glands?
  11. Explain the role of the hypothalamus in regulating body functions.
  12. What is the difference between a tropic movement and a nastic movement in plants?
  13. What happens when there is an imbalance in hormone levels in the human body?
  14. Describe how nerve impulses travel along a neuron.
  15. How does the nervous system coordinate with the endocrine system?
  16. What is the role of the cerebellum in human coordination?
  17. Explain the concept of feedback mechanisms in hormonal control.
  18. What is the significance of the corpus callosum?
  19. How does auxin influence plant growth?
  20. What are the effects of gibberellins on plant growth?

 

Long Answer Questions:

  1. Discuss the structure and function of the human nervous system.
  2. Explain how the coordination between nervous and endocrine systems helps in maintaining homeostasis.
  3. Describe the mechanism of reflex action with an example.
  4. How do hormones control various functions in the human body? Give examples.
  5. Discuss the plant growth regulators, their types, and their roles.
  6. Explain the process of how the brain coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions.
  7. What are the different parts of the human brain and their functions?
  8. Describe the pathway of a nerve impulse from stimulus to response.
  9. How do plants coordinate their responses to environmental stimuli without a nervous system?
  10. Discuss the impact of hormonal imbalance on human health.
  11. Explain how the concept of tropism helps plants in their survival.
  12. Discuss the role of neurotransmitters in communication between neurons.
  13. Compare the response mechanisms of plants and animals to external stimuli.
  14. How does the body regulate blood pressure using both nervous and endocrine systems?
  15. Explain the concept of 'second messenger' in hormonal action.
  16. What are the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
  17. How do plant hormones affect seed germination?
  18. Explain how the human body responds to stress hormonally.
  19. Discuss the significance of the blood-brain barrier in protecting the nervous system.
  20. What role do hormones play in the growth and development of animals?

 

Application-Based Questions:

  1. Design an experiment to demonstrate the effect of auxin on plant growth.
  2. How would you explain the concept of reflex action to a younger student?
  3. If you were to simulate the action of neurotransmitters in a classroom setting, how would you do it?
  4. Describe an experiment to show the response of a plant to light (phototropism).
  5. How can you demonstrate the effect of adrenaline on the human body in a lab?

 

Critical Thinking Questions:

  1. How might changes in the environment affect the control and coordination processes in plants and animals?
  2. Discuss the evolutionary advantages of having both a nervous and an endocrine system.
  3. What are the ethical implications of using plant hormones to control plant growth in agriculture?
  4. Explain how understanding the control and coordination systems can help in managing neurological or hormonal disorders.
  5. How might the study of plant hormones contribute to the development of new technologies or applications?
  6. Discuss the implications of hormonal therapy for various medical conditions.
  7. How do feedback mechanisms in the human body ensure stability, and what might happen if these mechanisms fail?
  8. What are the potential future developments in neurobiology based on current research trends?
  9. How can the study of control and coordination in organisms inform our approach to artificial intelligence or robotics?
  10. Discuss how lifestyle choices can impact the functioning of the nervous and endocrine systems.

Answers

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

  1. B) Cerebellum - Controls balance, posture, and coordination of voluntary movements.
  2. C) Peripheral nerves - The central nervous system includes only the brain and spinal cord.
  3. A) Insulin - Regulates blood sugar by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
  4. B) Spinal cord only - Most reflex actions are processed at the spinal level for quicker response.
  5. B) Gibberellin - Promotes stem elongation and cell division in plants.
  6. B) Dendrite - Dendrites receive signals from other neurons or sensory cells.
  7. C) Synthesis of enzymes - This is not a function of the nervous system; it's more related to cellular or metabolic activities.
  8. A) Synapse - The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters facilitate signal transmission.
  9. B) Adrenaline - Prepares the body for "fight or flight" by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, etc.
  10. D) Abscisic acid - Inhibits growth, promotes seed dormancy, and helps plants respond to stress.
  11. B) Acetylcholine - One of the primary neurotransmitters involved in nerve impulse transmission.
  12. A) Skull and vertebral column - Physical protection for the brain and spinal cord.
  13. C) Hypothalamus - Regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and other autonomic functions.
  14. B) Phototropism - Growth towards light, aiding in photosynthesis.
  15. C) Testosterone - Primary male sex hormone responsible for male puberty changes.
  16. D) Secretory neuron - There's no such term in standard neurobiology; neurons are classified as sensory, motor, or interneurons (relay).
  17. B) Involuntary actions - Controls functions like heart rate, digestion, and pupil dilation.
  18. B) Geotropism - Growth in response to gravity, roots grow downward, shoots upward.
  19. B) Pituitary - Known as the master gland as it controls other endocrine glands through hormone secretion.
  20. C) Estrogen - Primarily responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle alongside progesterone.

 

Section B: Short Answer Questions

  1. Reflex Arc: A neural pathway that controls an automatic, rapid response to a stimulus, bypassing the brain. Example: Withdrawing hand from a hot object.
  2. Human vs. Plant Nervous System:
  • Human: Complex, with a central and peripheral nervous system for quick response.
  • Plant: No nervous system; control is through chemical signals (hormones) and slower responses like tropisms.
  1. Role of Medulla Oblongata: Controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure; part of the brainstem.
  2. Function of Thyroxine: Regulates metabolism, affects growth, development, and body temperature.
  3. Synaptic Transmission:
  • Action potential reaches axon terminal.
  • Neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft.
  • Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the next neuron, potentially initiating a new action potential.
  1. Significance of Myelin Sheath: Insulates axons, speeds up nerve impulse transmission, and protects the neuron.
  2. Plant Response to Touch:
  • Example: Mimosa pudica (touch-me-not) folds its leaves inward when touched due to thigmotropism.
  1. Phytohormones: Plant hormones that regulate growth and development.
  • Examples: Auxin (promotes cell elongation), Gibberellin (promotes stem growth).
  1. Adrenaline as "Emergency Hormone": Released in stress situations to quickly mobilize energy resources, increase heart rate, and prepare for action.
  2. Pituitary Gland Control:
  • Secretes hormones like TSH, FSH, LH, which stimulate other glands (thyroid, gonads) to release their hormones.
  1. Role of Hypothalamus:
  • Links nervous and endocrine systems by controlling pituitary gland functions.
  • Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotional responses.
  1. Tropic vs. Nastic Movements:
  • Tropic: Directional growth response to stimuli (e.g., phototropism).
  • Nastic: Non-directional response to stimuli (e.g., folding of leaves in response to touch).

 

Section C: Long Answer Questions

  1. Structure and Function of Human Nervous System:
  • Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord for processing and coordination.
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Connects CNS to limbs and organs, includes sensory and motor neurons.
  • Functions: Sensory input, integration, and motor output.
  1. a. Coordination of Nervous and Endocrine Systems:
  • The hypothalamus links both systems; it can trigger hormone release or nerve signals to maintain homeostasis like regulating blood sugar or stress response.
  • b. Mechanism of Reflex Action:
    • Example: Knee-jerk reflex:
      • Stimulus (tap on knee) -> Sensory neuron -> Spinal cord -> Motor neuron -> Muscle contraction (leg kick).
  1. Hormones and Body Functions:
  • Insulin: Controls blood glucose levels.
  • Thyroxine: Regulates metabolism.
  • Adrenaline: Prepares for "fight or flight".
  • Growth Hormone: Influences growth and cell reproduction.
  1. Plant Growth Regulators:
  • Auxins: Promotes cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance.
  • Gibberellins: Stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering.
  • Cytokinins: Promote cell division, delay senescence.
  • Abscisic Acid: Inhibits growth, induces dormancy.
  • Ethylene: Ripening of fruits, abscission.
  1. a. Brain Coordination of Actions:
  • Voluntary: Cerebral cortex for deliberate actions, like writing.
  • Involuntary: Brainstem, cerebellum, and autonomic nervous system for functions like breathing.
  • b. Parts of Human Brain:
    • Cerebrum: Thinking, voluntary movement, sensory processing.
    • Cerebellum: Coordination, balance.
    • Brainstem (Medulla, Pons): Vital functions like heart rate, breathing.
    • Hypothalamus: Homeostasis regulation.
  1. a. Pathway of Nerve Impulse:
  • Stimulus -> Sensory neuron -> Spinal cord or brain -> Motor neuron -> Response (muscle or gland).
  • b. Plant Response Without Nervous System:
    • Plants use chemical signals (hormones) for responses. For example, auxin distribution for phototropism or abscisic acid for stress response.
  1. Impact of Hormonal Imbalance:
  • Diabetes: Insulin deficiency or resistance.
  • Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism (slow metabolism) or hyperthyroidism (fast metabolism).
  • Growth Issues: Dwarfism or gigantism due to growth hormone imbalance.
  • Mood and Mental Health: Serotonin or cortisol imbalances can lead to depression or anxiety.

 

Application-Based Questions:

  1. Experiment for Auxin Effect:
  • Take two plant cuttings, apply auxin paste to one tip (treatment). Observe growth; the treated plant should show more elongation or root development.
  1. Explaining Reflex Action:
  • Use a simple analogy like a "fast track" for emergency responses, where the body acts before the brain fully processes the situation.
  1. Simulating Neurotransmitters:
  • Use students to represent neurons, with one passing a ball (neurotransmitter) across a gap (synapse) to another to simulate signal transmission.
  1. Experiment for Phototropism:
  • Place a plant in a box with one side open to light. Over days, observe how the plant bends towards the light source.
  1. Demonstrating Adrenaline Effect:
  • Simulate an adrenaline response by measuring pulse rate before and after a short, intense physical activity. The increase in pulse rate mimics adrenaline's effect.

 

Critical Thinking Questions:

  1. Environmental Impact on Control and Coordination:
  • Animals: Temperature affects metabolism and nerve function; light impacts circadian rhythms.
  • Plants: Light, gravity, and touch influence growth patterns; water availability affects hormone balances.
  1. Evolutionary Advantages:
  • Nervous System: For rapid, specific responses to stimuli.
  • Endocrine System: For long-term regulation and broader physiological control, like growth or reproduction.
  1. Ethical Implications of Plant Hormones in Agriculture:
  • Concerns include environmental impact, genetic uniformity reducing biodiversity, and the potential for
  1. Understanding Control and Coordination for Managing Disorders:
  • Neurological Disorders: Understanding neural pathways helps in developing treatments for conditions like Parkinson's or epilepsy, focusing on neurotransmitter balance or nerve regeneration.
  • Hormonal Disorders: Knowledge of endocrine function aids in managing conditions like diabetes or hormonal imbalances through hormone replacement or regulation therapies.
  1. Plant Hormones in Technology Development:
  • Agricultural Innovations: Hormones can lead to better crop yield, pest resistance, or drought tolerance.
  • Biotech: Insights into hormone action could inspire drug delivery systems or hormone analogues for medical use.
  • Environmental Management: Using hormones to remediate soil or control invasive species.
  1. Implications of Hormonal Therapy:
  • Positive: Can treat hormone-related conditions, improve quality of life in cases like menopause or hormone deficiencies.
  • Negative: Potential side effects, risk of hormone-dependent cancers, and the challenge of finding the right balance for each individual.
  1. Feedback Mechanisms for Stability:
  • Negative Feedback: Maintains homeostasis, e.g., insulin-glucose regulation. If these fail, conditions like diabetes can occur.
  • Positive Feedback: Less common in homeostasis but crucial in processes like childbirth. Failures can lead to health crises like uncontrolled bleeding or escalating conditions.
  1. Future Developments in Neurobiology:
  • Brain-Computer Interfaces: Enhancing or restoring human function through technology.
  • Neuroplasticity Research: Understanding how the brain can heal or adapt could lead to new treatments for brain injuries or neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Psychiatry: Better understanding of neurotransmitter roles might lead to more effective treatments for mental health issues.
  1. Control and Coordination in AI/Robotics:
  • Inspiration for Design: Mimicking nervous system coordination for more adaptive, responsive robotics or AI.
  • Ethics and Control: Understanding biological control helps in designing ethical AI with checks and balances similar to feedback mechanisms.
  • Learning and Adaptation: AI could learn from biological principles of coordination for better decision-making processes.
  1. Lifestyle Impact on Nervous and Endocrine Systems:
  • Diet: Affects hormone levels, neurotransmitter production, and brain health.
  • Exercise: Improves neural connectivity, reduces stress hormones, and enhances endorphin release.
  • Stress Management: Chronic stress can disrupt hormonal balance, leading to issues like cortisol excess or depression.
  • Sleep: Critical for hormonal regulation, neurotransmitter balance, and brain function; sleep deprivation can lead to significant health issues.

 

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